Improving the Energy-Conversion Efficiency of a PV-TE System with an Intelligent Power-Track Switching Technique and Efficient Thermal-Management Scheme
Abstract : A photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) hybrid system can be used for efficient thermal energy utilization from the generated waste heat in PV device. In this paper, an efficient PV-TE hybrid System with intelligent power-track switching technique and thermal management based on energy conversion is proposed. To make the output power of PV-TE system stable and normalized, an incorporated stable-voltage circuit is designed based on energy conversion. In addition, a control-and-monitoring strategy is launched in the system to realize the normal collecting for the output power of PV-TE system. Finally, a battery protection circuit is performed to ensure that the energy converted by the entire system is effectively stored. The experimental results show that more electrical energy about 84034J was obtained with our energy harvesting system than that of a single photovoltaic cell. Besides, the thermal gradient of photovoltaic cells is indirectly reduced the operation of the whole system is automatically monitored due to the proposed intelligent power-track switching technique.
? These systems have gained recognition in recent times, and noticeable scientific works have aimed at making PV-TEG systems more dependable and feasible.
? Both experimental and analytical studies on the hybrid system's performance improvement have been technically reviewed in this paper.
? In general, the cold side of the TEG is cooled using various techniques to maintain a large temperature difference in the TEG.
? By increasing the hot junction temperature, the TEG temperature difference can also be increased. However, only a few PVTEG system configurations use this technique to maintain the temperature gradient.
? The electric power generation around the world is changing towards the environmentally friendly because the use of conventional source-based power generation causes more environmental issues, such as the emission of greenhouse gases, global warming, and air pollution.
? Therefore, the use of renewable energy sources becomes essential to minimize the damages to the environmental and to protect human health.
? The waste heat due to solar irradiation will increase the PV cell temperature above the ambient level, which causes the power conversion efficiency of the PV cells to reduce at a considerable level.
• The proposed method's maximum electrical efficiency was 17.448% at 2 K? electrical load resistance, 229.698 W/m2 irradiances, 3.083 mm TE module height value, and 303 to 353 K ambient temperature values for optimum operating parameters.
• The MPPT controller was attached to the system to maximise the energy output from TEG and PV systems separately.
• For the PV, the MPPT was employed based on power versus voltage characteristics (Javed et al., 2018). While power versus current characteristics for the TEG.
• For TE, the MPPT was used based on power versus current TEG characteristics (Amaral et al., 2014). Luo et al. (2020) presented the proposed system’s layout.
? In this paper, the design and performance investigation of the hybrid photovoltaic– thermoelectric generator (PV–TEG) system with an enhanced fractional order fuzzy logic controller (FOFLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is presented.
? The performance of the proposed MPPT technique is studied for the PV–TEG hybrid energy module under various thermal and electrical operating conditions using a MATLAB software-based simulation.
? The energy conversion efficiency of TEGs is usually around 5–10% ; the efficiency level can be improved by enhancing the electrical and/or thermal performance of the TEs.
? The assessment conducted in based on the commercial data proved that the PV–TEG module will improve the system performance compared to the individual PV array.
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