Optimal Stochastic Operation of Integrated Electric Power and Renewable Energy with Vehicle-Based Hydrogen Energy System
Abstract : The renewable power-based hydrogen production can lead to the integrated electric power and hydrogen system (IPHS) and a pathway to a sustainable energy utilization. Hydrogen is mainly transported via hydrogen tube trailers (HTs), making the hydrogen energy system (HES) operation quite different from those of others energy technologies. This paper proposes an optimal operation strategy for IPHS which utilizes HT for transportation. The hydrogen generation, transportation, and storage stages are coordinated considering constrained operations of electric power system (EPS), transportation system, and variable renewable energy. The proposed solution method is based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) in which HES and EPS constraints are managed individually and the solutions are coordinated accordingly. The case studies using the modified IEEE-RTS79 have verified the validity of the proposed integrated model and its solution method and confirmed the necessity for considering hydrogen transportation for enhancing the EPS operation. The synergies between EPS and HES are also studied via numerical examples especially the impact of the flexibility in hydrogen generation, transportation and demand.
? In the research presented in , an energy management system was designed for a hybrid system combining wind, PV, and diesel generation.
? The system operates both on- and off-grid. Thus, there exists a control mechanism within the inverter for transfers between the micro and utility grids.
? The reliability of the microgrid is improved by the storage and it is used to complement the intermittency of the PV and wind output power.
? These microgrids have communication systems that are necessary for real time management. Microgrids can also operate either in isolation or when connected to a grid.
? Due to the nonlinear problems in the above formulas, the model cannot be directly used in the optimization of EH-IES.
? Because seasonal hydrogen storage (SHS) is very important, it should be considered in the long-term optimization of an IES.
? However, the model of SHS lies in how to dealing with intraday and inter-day optimization problems.
? Because of the long duration of system planning problems, a clustering method is often used to cluster the annual loading data into typical daily data, which significantly reduces the scale of the solution.
• The proposed optimization algorithm was based on the mixed integer non-linear programming, wherein the objective function minimizes the daily operating costs.
• An economic dispatch and battery degradation model has been proposed in, wherein genetic algorithms were used for energy supply options via a diesel generator.
• The results showed that an increase in the battery lifespan decreases the operational costs of a MG.
• The proposed approach considers the fluctuations in the renewable sources and load demands in the MG, with appropriate advance (24 h) forecasts available to overcome these fluctuations.
? In, an IES with power to gas (P2G) system was used to improve the penetration of wind energy, and the results revealed that the proposed system could achieve better energy performance and economic feasibility compared with the separation production (SP) system.
? An integrated energy system (IES) can achieve the integrated application of electricity, fuels, heat, and cooling, which also promotes the consumption of renewable energy and improves energy utilization efficiency.
? The thermal and electric conversion efficiency, as well as pollutant gas emission characteristics of GT, are determined by its installed capacity and load factor.
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