AUTOMATIC DRILLING AND TAPPING MACHINE
Abstract : A device, usually motor-driven, fitted with an end cutting tool that is rotated with sufficient power either to create a hole or to enlarge an existing hole in a solid material and also known as driller. Tapping is the process of making thread inside the drilled hole. This operation requires less force to operate.
In this project the drilling machine uses pneumatic power in stead of motor power. The drilling operation is carried with the help of pneumatic cylinder which provide the up down motion to the drill tool. This project is very useful in industrial companies in order to save the time and manpower. This type of drilling machine consumes less time for operation and also no man power is required. After completion of drilling operation, the tapping process is carried out with the help of pneumatic power. In this arrangement the tapping tool is inserted in the machine tool head in stead of drilling tool. So that making the thread on the plate becomes very simple by implementing the tapping operation in the drilling machine. Time control unit is used to control the drilling operation time in the machine. This automatic is only applicable for continuous operation of drilling. Tapping operation requires less working force so that this force is provided by gearing arrangement. So this makes less revolution during the tapping operation.
A device, usually motor-driven, fitted with an end cutting tool that is rotated with sufficient power either to create a hole or to enlarge an existing hole in a solid material and also known as driller. Tapping is the process of making thread inside the drilled hole. This operation requires less force to operate.
In this project the drilling machine uses pneumatic power in stead of motor power. The drilling operation is carried with the help of pneumatic cylinder which provide the up down motion to the drill tool. This project is very useful in industrial companies in order to save the time and manpower. This type of drilling machine consumes less time for operation and also no man power is required. After completion of drilling operation, the tapping process is carried out with the help of pneumatic power. In this arrangement the tapping tool is inserted in the machine tool head in stead of drilling tool. So that making the thread on the plate becomes very simple by implementing the tapping operation in the drilling machine. Time control unit is used to control the drilling operation time in the machine. This automatic is only applicable for continuous operation of drilling. Tapping operation requires less working force so that this force is provided by gearing arrangement. So this makes less revolution during the tapping operation.
The word "turbine" was coined in 1822 by the French mining engineer Claude Burdin from the Latin turbo, or vortex, in a memo, "Des turbines hydrauliquesou machines rotatoires à grandevitesse", which he submitted to the Académieroyale des sciences in Paris.[4] Benoit Fourneyron, a former student of Claude Burdin, built the first practical water turbine
. Formulae for the basic dimensions of turbine parts are well documented and a highly efficient machine can be reliably designed for any fluid flow condition. Some of the calculations are empirical or 'rule of thumb' formulae, and others are based on classical mechanics. As with most engineering calculations, simplifying assumptions were made
Turboexpanders are widely used as sources of refrigeration in industrial processes.
Military jet engines, as a branch of gas turbines, have recently been used as primary flight controller in post-stall flight using jet deflections that are also called thrust vectoring.[7] The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has also conducted a study about civilizing such thrust vectoring systems to recover jetliners from catastrophes.
Most jet engines rely on turbines to supply mechanical work from their working fluid and fuel as do all nuclear ships and power plants.
Turbines are often part of a larger machine. A gas turbine, for example, may refer to an internal combustion machine that contains a turbine, ducts, compressor, combustor, heat-exchanger, fan and (in the case of one designed to produce electricity) an alternator. Combustion turbines and steam turbines may be connected to machinery such as pumps and compressors, or may be used for propulsion of ships, usually through an intermediate gearbox to reduce rotary speed.
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