Tracing highlighted in document streams

ABSTARCT :

The source of major and trace elements has been studied in the Arno river catchments, with repeated sampling of stream sediments in 73 stations within the basin. The study was performed for the inventory, survey, assessment and monitoring of metal pollution, and for geochemical mapping of the most representative elements. Chemical data displayed a wide dispersion, greater in the tributaries than in the Arno river, but in general, there was a good overlap between the stream sediments and the major geological units. SiO2 (32–75 wt%) was high in the main portion of the Arno river and in the northern tributaries, whereas CaO (1.5–27 wt%) was enriched in the southern ones. High MgO values (up to 5.7 wt%) were related to the presence of ophiolitic masses and/or to the ultramafic fraction of Macigno and Cervarola geological formations, which affected the distribution of Ni and Cr. However, in the highly industrialized areas northwest of Florence, high Cr values were associated to Cu, Zn and Pb anomalies. Copper (and sulphur) anomalies also occurred where agricultural practices were widespread. Organic matter content was variable (Corg 0.19–8.97 wt%) with an average C/N ratio of 8.7 (range 3.2–12.4), which is consistent with other C/N ratios of river sediments in the world. The relationships between Corg and N, S, P2O5 and heavy metals indicated that the organic matter had a mixed origin (industrial, agricultural, urban) and that both natural and anthropogenic metals entered the Arno river catchment.

EXISTING SYSTEM :

? Blockchain is not a silver bullet and some supply chains may be better served through other existing technologies and solutions. ? They recognize that existing and new ways of operating enabled by blockchain could one day become commonplace in supply chain ecosystems, allowing for increased transparency of products, transactional efficiency, reduced costs, and fewer redundancies. ? It is a critical enabler of innovation as it acts as a catalyst for changing the way that existing trading partners in a supply chain work together. ? Data standardization may mean adopting an existing, well-known standard or creating one for the consortium.

DISADVANTAGE :

? A general positive correlation exists between metals and Al2O3 in the stream sediments despite the presence of some anomalous sediments. ? The chemical data display a wide dispersion, greater in the tributaries than in the Arno river, which acts as a homogenizing container, but in general a good overlap exists between the stream sediments and the major geological units. ? SiO2 is high in the Arno main course and in the northern tributaries, where sandstones of various formations are present, but it is depleted in the southern ones. ? Traceability problems can also arise when products change identifiers or possession, are repackaged or cross borders when both naming and labeling methods vary.

PROPOSED SYSTEM :

• It needs to make their day-to-day lives easier, more efficient, and fit for purpose. Actors across the supply chain will need appropriate applications that serve their needs. • Therefore, organizations that are building a blockchain-based solution should consider what type of data should be on-chain, what data need to be accessed by whom, for how long and for what purpose, and what data should be limited to one-toone transactions. • To better address a business’s supply chain management objectives, including cost, efficiency, transparency, accountability, traceability, track ability, quality, speed, dependability, risk reduction, sustainability, and flexibility.

ADVANTAGE :

? Some companies are realizing the business value of traceability for efficiency, cost savings, and achieving product premiums in the market. ? Performance data collected on a blockchain can help reduce risk and allow suppliers to demonstrate their performance to potential clients. ? To increase supply chain velocity, blockchain traceability can enable businesses to collaborate in monitoring the performance of supply chain actors, identify inefficiencies, and reduce operational gaps. ? Such solutions can enable businesses to collaborate to monitor the performance of supply chain actors, identify inefficiencies, and reduce operational gaps to increase supply chain velocity.