Drone-based Intelligent ET sensing system and irrigation water use accounting system for irrigation commands
ABSTARCT : Background: The use of Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) technology for estimation of seasonal Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) of crops at various growth stages is well establishd. Due to low levels of water metering in irrigation, it is challenging to control theft from canals and unauthorized ground water extractions.
Therefore, ET based technologies can enforce water accounting / auditing and thus enhance Water Use Efficiency (WUE). However, the EOS based ET technology has certain limitations i.e. low accuracy under cloudy conditions and low resolutions.
Therefore, the drone-based ET systems can be used to bridge this data gap. Description: The idea is to estimate the actual water consumption by the crops (i.e. AET) in a targeted irrigated command area (ranging from 50 Ha to 5000 Ha) with the help of a drone based system.
This system should have a portable drone control module along with an in-built Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) mechanism to work out AET and calibrate against the satellite-based ET inputs.
Once integrated with cadastral maps, it should be tailored for individual farm level water control. Expected Solution: A drone fitted with suitable ET sensing system to bridge the data gaps/limitations from Satellite based ET system for calculation of Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) of different crops under survey.
The AI&ML algorithm using historical data and satellite based inputs should be able to give various Key Performance Indicators (KPI) at farm level like (i) Type of Crop; (ii) Crop monitoring (seeding/sowing/harvest/ disease etc); (iii) Water Auditing/Water Accounting: (iv) Over irrigated vs under irrigated/Ground water use; etc.
These KPI's can provide an insight of farmer irrigation decision-making; estimation of irrigation water use; farmer irrigation behavior heuristics and management practices, including the scheduling and efficiency of irrigation decisions.
The software model can be polished over time in different irrigation commands to improve the accuracy and reliability of irrigation water use estimation.
This will give a complete control of water use and agriculture productivity at field through remote sensing and help in increasing the Groundwater Level in critical unsafe areas.
It is used for the adapt the status of the device. The central processing unit may comprise a communication device to collect the data from different sensors and transmits those information to another devices of the user. It will be done using a higher end communication device like Wi-Fi module.
The central module may convert the processed data into meaningful data and communicate with other user. With the help of handheld device such as mobile a user may perceive the data. At present the dearth for water is a major concern in agricultural field.
This work addresses an efficient method of water irrigation using automated irrigation system. This proposed approach would overhaul the unnecessary water irrigation on to the farmlands. The values of temperature, moisture, humidity are periodically monitored by temperature, moisture, humidity sensors respectively and transmit these values to the allocated IP address.
Risk of violation of privacy: Drone captures high resolution images or record activities in survey area, which is otherwise un-accessible. This may lead to attack on privacy. Proper care needs to taken while surveying near township.
Hacking threat: Drones are controlled by the base control. Hackers can intercept the data link network and access control system.
Accident threat: Drones fly above ground and if due to any reason it goes out of control, it may lead to accident.
Risk of legal violation: With the laws and regulations surrounding drone flight constantly changing, the growing list of restrictions surrounding air space could potentially lead to financial or legal fines.
The farmers can initiate and use different monitoring and controlled system to increase the productivity with an assist of automation of agricultural parameters like temperature, humidity and soil moistures are observed and manage the system which would help the farmers to increase the productivity.
The proposed method consists of an embedded system for automatic control of water irrigation. It has wireless sensor network for sensing real time irrigation system. This method would provide appropriate water to the agricultural land and avoids wastage of water.When the moisture level comes down below the threshold level then the system will automatically switch ON the motor for irrigation.
When the water level reaches above the threshold level then it will automatically OFF the motor. The current status of the motor and the sensed parameters will be displayed on the user’s smart phone.
Accurate Data Collection: Drones equipped with sensors can collect high-resolution data on crop health, soil moisture levels, and ET rates, leading to better decision-making.
Optimized Water Use: By accurately measuring ET rates, farmers can apply the exact amount of water needed, reducing over-irrigation and conserving water resources.
Lower Operational Costs: Automating irrigation commands through drones can reduce labor costs and increase efficiency.
Timely Interventions: Real-time data allows for timely interventions in pest control, disease management, and nutrient application, improving overall crop health.
Instant Data Access: Drones can provide real-time data on field conditions, allowing for immediate adjustments to irrigation practices.
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