Energy-Efficient Cross-layer Spectrum Sharing in CR Green IoT Networks

Abstract : Internet-of-Things (IoT) aims to connect intelligent things to the internet, enable thing-to-everything communication, and sustainability sensing and control. However, the exponential increase of connected IoT devices is resulting in tremendous demand on the limited spectrum. Cognitive radio (CR) technology is envisioned to be one of the main enabling technology for efficient IoT deployment. CR offers huge spectrum opportunities for sustainable green IoT devices by opportunistically utilizing the idle licensed bands. Since most green IoT devices are expected to be sensor nodes with limited energy sources, efficient communication protocols for CR-based IoT sensor networks are needed. This paper proposes an efficient cross-layer design consisting of joint optimization of the modulation order as a physical-layer parameter and the backoff probability as a MAC-layer parameter with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption in the CR-based green IoT networks subject to IoT delay guarantees, licensed primary radio (PR) channel availability and PR user activities. Simulation results reveal that the proposed cross-layer design has significantly reduced energy consumption while achieving the delay requirements in the network compared to the physical-layer-only and MAC-layer-only adaptation schemes.

 EXISTING SYSTEM :

 ? Many areas of wireless systems that can be improved via CR, existing literature primary focuses on improving spectrum efficiency rather than energy utilization, let alone the unreliable dynamic energy. ? The existing literature assumes that energy harvested in the current time slot can only be used in subsequent time slots, owing to the energy half-duplex constraint. ? However, interference still exists due to frequency reuse in today’s wireless systems and power leakage into the adjacent frequency band being occupied by PU. ? Efficient and agile spectrum access enabled by cognitive radio can avoid interference and overcome the coexistence issues in multi-tier networks .

 DISADVANTAGE :

 ? This research intended to contain the congestion problem in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) when SIoV was implemented to serve better traffic management in a city. ? Their CONCISE solution to the problem enabled the routing and segregation of the data in a content specific approach via a deterministic TSCH scheduling to achieve better communication reliability and reduce E2E latency. ? Minimization of vitality has been a consuming issue for basically occasion based frameworks, for example, the WSNs, and they frequently rely upon deliberate exertion of different constantly watching miniaturized scale sensor nodes that watches a physical wonder.

 PROPOSED SYSTEM :

 • The concept of energy harvester has been proposed to capture and store ambient energy to generate electricity or other energy form, which is renewable and more environmentally friendly than that derived from fossil fuels. • To enable more flexible spectrum access, dynamic spectrum access techniques have been proposed to solve this spectrum inefficiency problem, by allowing unlicensed users to access the radio spectrum under certain restrictions. • Sub-optimal schemes are proposed to maximize the corresponding convex utility function which incorporates the achievable data rate of SU and the expected rate loss due to sensing error or spectrum reoccupation by PU. • A gradient based iteration algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium.

 ADVANTAGE :

 ? A mechanized learning process has been utilized for guaranteeing that an ideal spread of vitality use is performed. ? To spare vitality, an advantageous radio for a wake-up took up the activity. ? The recreations uncovered that it is vitality productive with a significant presentation upgrade when compared with different conventions. ? This is done so as to expand the hibernation time of the nodes which are not utilized in the steering procedure, disposing of the wastage of vitality caused because of ceaseless use of trivial nodes, limiting the utilization of a similar way to the bundles in the course, guaranteeing that the nodes don't wake up before the planned restart time and plunging the impacts between the ways.