Flood hazard mapping and risk management in parts of lagos state

Abstract

Flooding is one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters affecting urban environments, and Lagos State, Nigeria, is particularly vulnerable due to its low-lying coastal geography, rapid urbanization, poor drainage systems, and high population density. The city, located along the Atlantic coast, experiences both coastal and pluvial (rain-related) flooding, which have led to significant socioeconomic losses, displacement of people, destruction of infrastructure, and environmental degradation. In recent decades, flooding in Lagos has intensified due to climate change, which is causing more erratic and intense rainfall, as well as sea-level rise. This, combined with unregulated urban development, blocked waterways, and poor solid waste management, has exacerbated the city's exposure and vulnerability to flood risks.